Soaps and Detergents
Soaps and Detergents
Soaps and Detergents: Soaps are sodium or potassium salts of long chain carboxylic acids and have general formula RCOONa. where, R = C15H31, C17H35 etc. Detergents are usually ammonium or sulphonate salts of long chain carboxylic acids. They are also called as soapless soap.
Manufacture of Soaps and Detergents:
Soaps are made from animal fats or vegetable oils by heating it with sodium hydroxide. This process of preparation of soap is called saponification.
Structure of a Soap Molecule:
A soap molecule is made up of two parts: a long hydrocarbon part (or non-ionic part) and a short ionic part containing —COONa+ group. The long hydrocarbon part is hydrophobic and therefore insoluble in water but soluble in oil. The ionic portion of the soap molecule is hydrophilic so, soluble in water and insoluble in oil.
Detergents are usually ________________________ salts of long chain carboxylic acids. | |||
| Right Option : D | |||
| View Explanation | |||
Hardness of water is due to presence of __________________________ | |||
| Right Option : C | |||
| View Explanation | |||
Which of the following are correct : (a) A soap molecule is made up of two parts: a long hydrocarbon part and a short ionic part containing —COONa+ group. (b) Soap molecules one end is hydrophilic and another is hydrophobic. (c) Soap solution appears cloudy because the ion aggregate to form spherical clusters which forms micelles are large enough to scatter light. | |||
| Right Option : D | |||
| View Explanation | |||
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